Dolf
Moderator
Ketosis is a metabolic state that happens when ketones elevate beyond normal levels.
Ketones are formed when fats and fatty acids are used as your bodies fuel source. The body generally gets its energy from carbs. When we don't get enough carbs, stored fat is broken down.
High levels of ketones can be dangerous if your a diabetic. It's a condition called ketoacidosis. If you don't have diabetes then there's nothing to worry about.
Normal high carb diets cause a rise in glucose levels. As a result the pancreas secretes insulin to counteract the elevated glucose. Insulin brings the glucose into the bodies cells and stores it as glycogen. Some glucose is used for energy, and the rest is stored for when blood glucose levels drop.
Keto diet is different. Glycogen stores will begin to deplete because it's required for energy. When it isn't replenished the body turns to fatty acids for energy. Fatty acids from fat tissue is mobilized during beta oxidation. In this process ketones are released from the liver. The liver can't use ketones so they're sent to the brain for fuel. The fatty acids freed is also used as fuel which equates to fat being burned.
Ketosis leads to lower insulin levels which leads to less glucose being stored as fat.
Ketosis helps supress appetite. High carb diets increase hunger levels. Ketones affect cholecystokinin a hormone that makes you feel fuller.
This is just a little bit of the science behind ketosis, and how it works vs high carb diets.
To get into ketosis is different for everyone, but a good starting point is 50g of carbs or less per day. You can buy strips you pee on that'll let you know if you're in ketosis, or there's also test strips you can use in blood glucose meters to detect ketones in your blood which is more accurate but very expensive.